![]() This text demonstrates the beginning of a progression of New Jerusalem thought. In the passage, the author writes about a city wall of fire to protect the enormous population. There were no defensive city walls until 445 BCE. After the Second Temple was built after the exile, Jerusalem's population was only a few hundred. The Book of Zechariah expands upon Ezekiel's New Jerusalem. Ezekiel 48:30–35 contains a list of twelve Temple gates named for Israel's tribes. Within Ezekiel 40–48, there is an extended and detailed description of the measurements of the Temple, its chambers, porticos, and walls. ![]() The Book of Ezekiel contains the first record of the New Jerusalem. Israelite aristocrats were taken captive to Babylon. The entire city, including the First Temple, was burned. ![]() An Israelite uprising brought the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar’s army in 586 BCE. Jerusalem surrendered without major bloodshed to Babylon in 597 BCE. ![]() The Babylonian threat to the Kingdom of Judah began as the Babylonian Empire conquered Assyria and rose to power from 612 to 609 BCE. ![]() When the Bible mentions a New Jerusalem, heavenly sanctuary, bread of life, or God's throne, it is referring to the Jewish mystical understanding of heaven. Heaven in Jewish mysticism includes a heavenly Promised land - including Jerusalem, the temple, and the ark of the covenant - and a heavenly Garden of Eden - including the tree of life, a storehouse for the manna that angels eat, and multiple rivers that water the garden. In Jewish mysticism, there are two Gardens of Eden and two Promised Lands: the heavenly invisible one and the earthly visible one that is a copy of the heavenly invisible one. ![]()
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